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WheatMegaEnvironments (Map Service)


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Current Version: 10.81

Service Description: Spring Wheat ME1 Autumn sown (spring-sown rare), largely white/amber grain Low rainfall, irrigated (>5% of 5 arc min grid cell equipped for irrigation) Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 11°C > T = 3°C Major constraints: leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust, lodging Representative sites: Gangetic Valley, India; Indus Valley, Pakistan; Nile Valley, Egypt; Yaqui Valley, Mexico ME2A Spring sown, largely red grain (except Ethiopia) Highland summer rain (elev. = 1400m), wettest quarter precipitation = 250mm Average min. temperature for wettest quarter 16°C > T = 3°C Major constraints: barley yellow dwarf virus, stripe rust, head scab, septoria, tan spot Representative sites: Kulumsa, Ethiopia; Toluca, Mexico ME2B Autumn sown, largely red grain Lowland winter rain (elev. < 1400m), coolest quarter precipitation = 150mm Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 16°C > T = 3°C Major constraints: barley yellow dwarf virus, stripe rust, head scab, septoria, tan spot Representative sites: Izmir, Turkey; Pergamino, Argentina ME3 SAME AS GENERAL ME2 (A and B merged)—main difference soil pH < 5.2 Largely red grain (except Himalayas) Additional constraints: acid soil (Aluminum, Manganese toxicity) Representative sites: Passo Fundo, Brazil; Mpika, Zambia ME4A Autumn sown, largely white grain Mediterranean climate, post-flowering moisture deficits, late season frosts Low rainfall, wettest quarter precipitation = 100mm, < 400mm Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 11°C > T = 3°C Major constraints: drought, heat, rust, common bunt, septoria, tan spot, root diseases Representative sites: Aleppo, Syria; Settat, Morocco ME4B Autumn sown, largely red grain Winter drought or Southern Cone-type rainfall, pre-flowering moisture deficits Low rainfall, wettest quarter precipitation = 100mm, < 400mm Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 11°C > T = 3°C Major constraints: drought, rust, common bunt, septoria, fusarium, tan spot, root diseases Representative sites: Marcos Juárez, Argentina ME4C Autumn sown (after monsoons), only white grain Receding moisture levels after sowing Low rainfall, wettest quarter precipitation = 100mm, < 400mm Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 16°C > T = 3°C Major constraints: drought, rust, common bunt, septoria, tan spot, root diseases Representative sites: Dharwar, India ME5 Autumn sown Tropical high rainfall, and/or irrigated (>5% of 5 arc min grid cell equipped for irrigation) Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 16°C > T > 11°C Major constraints: heat, spot blotch, leaf & stem rust Subdivided into high humidity areas (Joydebpur, Bangladesh; Paraguay), and low humidity areas (Kano, Nigeria; Wad Medani Sudan) ME6 Spring sown, high latitude (>45° N or S) – photosensitive varieties Average min. temperature for coolest quarter T < -13°C Average min. temperature for warmest quarter T = 9°C Major constraints: rust, root diseases, tan spot Subdivided into ‘A’, high rainfall areas (Harbin, Heilongjiang, China) and ‘B’, semi-arid areas (Astana, Kazakhstan) Facultative Wheat ME7 Autumn sown Irrigated Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 3°C > T = -2°C Major constraints: cold, stripe rust, mildew Representative Sites: Zhenzhou, Henan, China Note: Sites currently listed as ME7 sometimes do not meet this criteria, although almost all these sites fit the ME10 criteria (perhaps ME7 isn’t distinct yet) ME8 Autumn sown High rainfall/irrigated, annual precipitation = 500mm Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 6°C > T = 1°C Major constraints: cold, stripe rust, mildew, septoria, root rots Representative Sites: Temuco, Chile; Corvallis, Oregon, USA Note: Perhaps annual precipitation = 800mm for USA to have distinct ME8/9 sites ME9 Autumn sown Low rainfall, annual precipitation < 500mm Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 3°C > T = -2°C Major constraints: cold, drought, stripe rust, root rots Representative Sites: Diyarbakir, Turkey; Vernon, Texas, USA Note: Perhaps annual precipitation < 800mm for USA to have distinct ME8/9 sites Winter Wheat ME10 Autumn sown Irrigated Average min. temperature for coolest quarter -2°C > T = -13°C Major constraints: winter kill, rust, mildew Representative Sites: Beijing, China ME11 Autumn sown High rainfall/irrigated, annual precipitation = 500mm Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 1°C > T = -13°C Major constraints: winter kill, rust, septoria, mildew Representative Sites: Cambridge, UK; Krasnodar, Russia Note: Perhaps annual precipitation = 800mm for USA to have distinct ME11/12 sites ME12 Autumn sown Low rainfall, annual precipitation < 500mm Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 1°C > T = -13°C Major constraints: winter kill, drought, stripe rust, bunts, root rots Representative Sites: Ft. Collins, Colorado; Manhattan, Kansas, USA Note: Perhaps annual precipitation < 800mm for USA to have distinct ME11/12 sites

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Layers: Tables: Description: Spring Wheat ME1 Autumn sown (spring-sown rare), largely white/amber grain Low rainfall, irrigated (>5% of 5 arc min grid cell equipped for irrigation) Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 11°C > T = 3°C Major constraints: leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust, lodging Representative sites: Gangetic Valley, India; Indus Valley, Pakistan; Nile Valley, Egypt; Yaqui Valley, Mexico ME2A Spring sown, largely red grain (except Ethiopia) Highland summer rain (elev. = 1400m), wettest quarter precipitation = 250mm Average min. temperature for wettest quarter 16°C > T = 3°C Major constraints: barley yellow dwarf virus, stripe rust, head scab, septoria, tan spot Representative sites: Kulumsa, Ethiopia; Toluca, Mexico ME2B Autumn sown, largely red grain Lowland winter rain (elev. < 1400m), coolest quarter precipitation = 150mm Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 16°C > T = 3°C Major constraints: barley yellow dwarf virus, stripe rust, head scab, septoria, tan spot Representative sites: Izmir, Turkey; Pergamino, Argentina ME3 SAME AS GENERAL ME2 (A and B merged)—main difference soil pH < 5.2 Largely red grain (except Himalayas) Additional constraints: acid soil (Aluminum, Manganese toxicity) Representative sites: Passo Fundo, Brazil; Mpika, Zambia ME4A Autumn sown, largely white grain Mediterranean climate, post-flowering moisture deficits, late season frosts Low rainfall, wettest quarter precipitation = 100mm, < 400mm Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 11°C > T = 3°C Major constraints: drought, heat, rust, common bunt, septoria, tan spot, root diseases Representative sites: Aleppo, Syria; Settat, Morocco ME4B Autumn sown, largely red grain Winter drought or Southern Cone-type rainfall, pre-flowering moisture deficits Low rainfall, wettest quarter precipitation = 100mm, < 400mm Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 11°C > T = 3°C Major constraints: drought, rust, common bunt, septoria, fusarium, tan spot, root diseases Representative sites: Marcos Juárez, Argentina ME4C Autumn sown (after monsoons), only white grain Receding moisture levels after sowing Low rainfall, wettest quarter precipitation = 100mm, < 400mm Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 16°C > T = 3°C Major constraints: drought, rust, common bunt, septoria, tan spot, root diseases Representative sites: Dharwar, India ME5 Autumn sown Tropical high rainfall, and/or irrigated (>5% of 5 arc min grid cell equipped for irrigation) Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 16°C > T > 11°C Major constraints: heat, spot blotch, leaf & stem rust Subdivided into high humidity areas (Joydebpur, Bangladesh; Paraguay), and low humidity areas (Kano, Nigeria; Wad Medani Sudan) ME6 Spring sown, high latitude (>45° N or S) – photosensitive varieties Average min. temperature for coolest quarter T < -13°C Average min. temperature for warmest quarter T = 9°C Major constraints: rust, root diseases, tan spot Subdivided into ‘A’, high rainfall areas (Harbin, Heilongjiang, China) and ‘B’, semi-arid areas (Astana, Kazakhstan) Facultative Wheat ME7 Autumn sown Irrigated Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 3°C > T = -2°C Major constraints: cold, stripe rust, mildew Representative Sites: Zhenzhou, Henan, China Note: Sites currently listed as ME7 sometimes do not meet this criteria, although almost all these sites fit the ME10 criteria (perhaps ME7 isn’t distinct yet) ME8 Autumn sown High rainfall/irrigated, annual precipitation = 500mm Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 6°C > T = 1°C Major constraints: cold, stripe rust, mildew, septoria, root rots Representative Sites: Temuco, Chile; Corvallis, Oregon, USA Note: Perhaps annual precipitation = 800mm for USA to have distinct ME8/9 sites ME9 Autumn sown Low rainfall, annual precipitation < 500mm Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 3°C > T = -2°C Major constraints: cold, drought, stripe rust, root rots Representative Sites: Diyarbakir, Turkey; Vernon, Texas, USA Note: Perhaps annual precipitation < 800mm for USA to have distinct ME8/9 sites Winter Wheat ME10 Autumn sown Irrigated Average min. temperature for coolest quarter -2°C > T = -13°C Major constraints: winter kill, rust, mildew Representative Sites: Beijing, China ME11 Autumn sown High rainfall/irrigated, annual precipitation = 500mm Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 1°C > T = -13°C Major constraints: winter kill, rust, septoria, mildew Representative Sites: Cambridge, UK; Krasnodar, Russia Note: Perhaps annual precipitation = 800mm for USA to have distinct ME11/12 sites ME12 Autumn sown Low rainfall, annual precipitation < 500mm Average min. temperature for coolest quarter 1°C > T = -13°C Major constraints: winter kill, drought, stripe rust, bunts, root rots Representative Sites: Ft. Collins, Colorado; Manhattan, Kansas, USA Note: Perhaps annual precipitation < 800mm for USA to have distinct ME11/12 sites

Copyright Text: CIMMYT

Spatial Reference:
102100

Single Fused Map Cache: true

Capabilities: Map,TilesOnly

Tile Info:
Initial Extent:
Full Extent:
Min Scale: 2.95828763795777E8
Max Scale: 2311162.217155

Min LOD: 1
Max LOD: 8

Units: esriMeters

Supported Image Format Types: PNG

Export Tiles Allowed: false
Max Export Tiles Count: 100000

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