Services Directory Login

BorneoLoggingRoad (Map Service)


View In:    ArcGIS JavaScript   ArcGIS.com   WMTS  

Current Version: 10.81

Service Description: Table. Length and density of primary logging roads by country.

1973 forest cover (km2) Logging road length (km) Logging road density (km/km2)
Brunei 4,496 818 0.18
Kalimantan 403,541 151,101 0.37
Sabah 57,871 37,660 0.65
Sarawak 92,152 82,239 0.89
Borneo 558,060 271,819 0.48


Figure. Expansion of the primary logging road network in Borneo from 1973 until 2010

Methods
We digitized the extent of primary logging roads by visually analyzing our 268 LANDSAT images acquired over 1972–2010. Wide logging roads were readily detectable in the LANDSAT imagery. We were capable to detect logging roads under most areas of persistent haze, by zooming in closely and applying a local contrast enhancement, and by digitizing logging roads underneath haze by mouse-click. The expansion of the road network overtime was observed for c.1973, 1990, 2000, and 2010. Imagery acquired a year or two before and after these nominal years served to reduce cloud contamination. We also inspected imagery from ca. 1995 and 2005 to better detect disused logging roads less visible due to rapid forest regrowth.
Similarly to our approach for mapping industrial plantations LANDSAT 5&7 (TM and ETM+) images were viewed as band 4-5-3 (or 5-4-3) false color composites enhanced to optimize road detection. Likewise, LANDSAT MSS images were viewed as band 4-3-2 (or 3-4-2). We used ancillary public-road maps from the Indonesian Ministry of Public Works and the Sabah-based NGO HUTAN for Sarawak and Sabah to help distinguish unpaved public roads from logging roads.

We further divided ‘Forest’ into ‘Intact’ and ‘Logged’ using our published dataset of logging roads and a buffer distance method (see information describing how logging roads have been mapped). Briefly, we consider that the forest has never been logged if our database of images never detected the presence of large (> 10m wide) logging roads in the forest. Degradation by logging usually becomes undetectable within a few years, due to fast forest re-growth. From a satellite perspective, the spectral colors of logged forests resemble those of intact forests, which explains why recently published state-of-the-art deforestation analyses categorized logged forests as forest.

Map Name: Layers

Legend

All Layers and Tables

Layers: Tables: Description: Table. Length and density of primary logging roads by country.

1973 forest cover (km2) Logging road length (km) Logging road density (km/km2)
Brunei 4,496 818 0.18
Kalimantan 403,541 151,101 0.37
Sabah 57,871 37,660 0.65
Sarawak 92,152 82,239 0.89
Borneo 558,060 271,819 0.48


Figure. Expansion of the primary logging road network in Borneo from 1973 until 2010

Methods
We digitized the extent of primary logging roads by visually analyzing our 268 LANDSAT images acquired over 1972–2010. Wide logging roads were readily detectable in the LANDSAT imagery. We were capable to detect logging roads under most areas of persistent haze, by zooming in closely and applying a local contrast enhancement, and by digitizing logging roads underneath haze by mouse-click. The expansion of the road network overtime was observed for c.1973, 1990, 2000, and 2010. Imagery acquired a year or two before and after these nominal years served to reduce cloud contamination. We also inspected imagery from ca. 1995 and 2005 to better detect disused logging roads less visible due to rapid forest regrowth.
Similarly to our approach for mapping industrial plantations LANDSAT 5&7 (TM and ETM+) images were viewed as band 4-5-3 (or 5-4-3) false color composites enhanced to optimize road detection. Likewise, LANDSAT MSS images were viewed as band 4-3-2 (or 3-4-2). We used ancillary public-road maps from the Indonesian Ministry of Public Works and the Sabah-based NGO HUTAN for Sarawak and Sabah to help distinguish unpaved public roads from logging roads.

We further divided ‘Forest’ into ‘Intact’ and ‘Logged’ using our published dataset of logging roads and a buffer distance method (see information describing how logging roads have been mapped). Briefly, we consider that the forest has never been logged if our database of images never detected the presence of large (> 10m wide) logging roads in the forest. Degradation by logging usually becomes undetectable within a few years, due to fast forest re-growth. From a satellite perspective, the spectral colors of logged forests resemble those of intact forests, which explains why recently published state-of-the-art deforestation analyses categorized logged forests as forest.

Copyright Text: CIFOR

Spatial Reference:
102100

Single Fused Map Cache: true

Capabilities: Map,TilesOnly

Tile Info:
Initial Extent:
Full Extent:
Min Scale: 5.91657527591555E8
Max Scale: 72223.819286

Min LOD: 0
Max LOD: 13

Units: esriMeters

Supported Image Format Types: PNG

Export Tiles Allowed: false
Max Export Tiles Count: 100000

Document Info: