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HI_Recognized_Biodiversity_Dec2021 (Map Service)


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To identify a network of sites that could likely sustain biological diversity into the future, we wanted the network of climate resilience sites that contained the maximum amount of thriving biodiversity. To identify areas of high biodiversity value we compiled the results of a few intensive, multi-year studies that mapped the locations of exemplary habitats and rare species populations. For Hawaii, that included the results of the Hawaii Terrestrial Biodiversity Value Layer (2010) and the TNC Ecoregional Coastal Portfolio (2008).

Hawaii Terrestrial Biodiversity Value Layer (2010)

The Hawaii statewide Terrestrial Biodiversity Value Layer was developed to represent the biodiversity
component of the The StateWide Assessment and Resource Strategy (SWARS) assessment. The layer was developed with partnership between Jim Jacobi from USGS, Jon Price from UH-Hilo; Ron Cannarella & Emma Yuen from DOFAW; Sam Gon, Stephanie Tom, Jason Sumiye, & Theresa Menard from TNC. 
Since habitat quality alone did not identify underrepresented ecosystem types, their approach was to incorporate biodiversity richness and biodiversity uniqueness in addition to habitat quality to identify important areas. The biodiversity value layer combined HIGAP landcover, LANDFIRE existing vegetation type, HIGAP plant richness and diversity, Gorresen et. al bird ranges, FWS core and supporting waterbird locations, and TNC’s mapping of previously surveyed coastal vegetation. Resultant areas were checked against rare species location, forest bird recovery areas, and important seabird areas. Habitat quality, biodiversity richness, and biodiversity uniqueness together identified important areas

Resultant Biodiversity categories were defined & mapped by various meaningful combinations of datasets. Six categories were identified and generally identify important areas for biodiversity conservation across the state. Upon recommendation from Sam Gon and Stephanie Tom, the top 4 categories from the Hawaii Biodiversity Value layer were used as core areas of Recognized Biological Value for our Resilient and Connected Network work. 

Hawaii Terrestrial Biodiversity Value Categories
1. Intact Native Ecosystems – Highest Biodiversitycategory includes high-quality native-dominated areas where over 100 plant species occur or areas where 4 or more forest birds species are found on Maui, Kauai & Hawaii Island. 
2.Intact Native Ecosystemscategory includes high-quality native-dominated areas where less than 100 plant species are found, including the better native coastal vegetation occurrences. The light green areas also include core wetlands identified by the FWS for the recovery of Hawaiian waterbirds.
3.Threatened Native Ecosystemscategory includes the best remaining high-quality native-dominated areas that can support 35 or more endemic plants that have lost a lot of their range. 
4. Rapidly Degrading Ecosystemscategory includes medium-quality non-native dominated areas that are in high proximity to native forest edges. On Molokai & Oahu, degraded areas with 3 or more forest bird species are also highlighted in this category. 
5.Degraded Ecosystemscategory includes medium-quality non-native dominated areas that are NOT adjacent to native forests, as well as coastal veg occurrences with fair viability, and supporting wetlands identified by FWS for waterbirds. 
6.Areas where Native Ecosystems No Longer Existinclude poor-quality paved over areas or intensive agriculture. 


TNC Ecoregional Coastal Portfolio (2009)

The Nature Conservancy implemented a series of biodiversity assessments across each of the 81 terrestrial ecoregions in the U.S. (1998-2008). The goal of each assessment was to identify a portfolio of sites that, if conserved, would collectively protect multiple viable examples of a set of focal conservation targets - species and communities characteristic of, or unique to, each ecoregion. Viability criteria were based on the size, condition, and landscape context of each biodiversity element occurrence (EO), and the results were reviewed by local experts familiar with the species and communities of the ecoregion. The assessments were performed and evaluated by teams of scientists from both TNC and other NGOs or agencies. 

The TNC coastal vegetation ecoregional portfolio and other components of the original TNC Terrestrial Ecoregional Plan portfolio had already been incorporated into the Hawaii Terrestrial Biodiversity Summary. However the TNC portfolio Anchialine pools and portfolio Coastal Seabird Nesting sites were not already specifically included in the Hawaii Terrestrial Biodiversity Summary. To add these additional sites, the viable anchialine pools and coatal seabird nesting sites were buffered by 100meters and converted to a 100m resolution grid to match the scale of the Hawaii Biodiversity Summary raster product which is a 100m resolution grid. Theses additional areas were then added the top 4 categories from the Hawaii Biodiversity Summary to map Recognized Biodiversity Areas for this effort.



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Layers: Description:
To identify a network of sites that could likely sustain biological diversity into the future, we wanted the network of climate resilience sites that contained the maximum amount of thriving biodiversity. To identify areas of high biodiversity value we compiled the results of a few intensive, multi-year studies that mapped the locations of exemplary habitats and rare species populations. For Hawaii, that included the results of the Hawaii Terrestrial Biodiversity Value Layer (2010) and the TNC Ecoregional Coastal Portfolio (2008).

Hawaii Terrestrial Biodiversity Value Layer (2010)

The Hawaii statewide Terrestrial Biodiversity Value Layer was developed to represent the biodiversity
component of the The StateWide Assessment and Resource Strategy (SWARS) assessment. The layer was developed with partnership between Jim Jacobi from USGS, Jon Price from UH-Hilo; Ron Cannarella & Emma Yuen from DOFAW; Sam Gon, Stephanie Tom, Jason Sumiye, & Theresa Menard from TNC. 
Since habitat quality alone did not identify underrepresented ecosystem types, their approach was to incorporate biodiversity richness and biodiversity uniqueness in addition to habitat quality to identify important areas. The biodiversity value layer combined HIGAP landcover, LANDFIRE existing vegetation type, HIGAP plant richness and diversity, Gorresen et. al bird ranges, FWS core and supporting waterbird locations, and TNC’s mapping of previously surveyed coastal vegetation. Resultant areas were checked against rare species location, forest bird recovery areas, and important seabird areas. Habitat quality, biodiversity richness, and biodiversity uniqueness together identified important areas

Resultant Biodiversity categories were defined & mapped by various meaningful combinations of datasets. Six categories were identified and generally identify important areas for biodiversity conservation across the state. Upon recommendation from Sam Gon and Stephanie Tom, the top 4 categories from the Hawaii Biodiversity Value layer were used as core areas of Recognized Biological Value for our Resilient and Connected Network work. 

Hawaii Terrestrial Biodiversity Value Categories
1. Intact Native Ecosystems – Highest Biodiversitycategory includes high-quality native-dominated areas where over 100 plant species occur or areas where 4 or more forest birds species are found on Maui, Kauai & Hawaii Island. 
2.Intact Native Ecosystemscategory includes high-quality native-dominated areas where less than 100 plant species are found, including the better native coastal vegetation occurrences. The light green areas also include core wetlands identified by the FWS for the recovery of Hawaiian waterbirds.
3.Threatened Native Ecosystemscategory includes the best remaining high-quality native-dominated areas that can support 35 or more endemic plants that have lost a lot of their range. 
4. Rapidly Degrading Ecosystemscategory includes medium-quality non-native dominated areas that are in high proximity to native forest edges. On Molokai & Oahu, degraded areas with 3 or more forest bird species are also highlighted in this category. 
5.Degraded Ecosystemscategory includes medium-quality non-native dominated areas that are NOT adjacent to native forests, as well as coastal veg occurrences with fair viability, and supporting wetlands identified by FWS for waterbirds. 
6.Areas where Native Ecosystems No Longer Existinclude poor-quality paved over areas or intensive agriculture. 


TNC Ecoregional Coastal Portfolio (2009)

The Nature Conservancy implemented a series of biodiversity assessments across each of the 81 terrestrial ecoregions in the U.S. (1998-2008). The goal of each assessment was to identify a portfolio of sites that, if conserved, would collectively protect multiple viable examples of a set of focal conservation targets - species and communities characteristic of, or unique to, each ecoregion. Viability criteria were based on the size, condition, and landscape context of each biodiversity element occurrence (EO), and the results were reviewed by local experts familiar with the species and communities of the ecoregion. The assessments were performed and evaluated by teams of scientists from both TNC and other NGOs or agencies. 

The TNC coastal vegetation ecoregional portfolio and other components of the original TNC Terrestrial Ecoregional Plan portfolio had already been incorporated into the Hawaii Terrestrial Biodiversity Summary. However the TNC portfolio Anchialine pools and portfolio Coastal Seabird Nesting sites were not already specifically included in the Hawaii Terrestrial Biodiversity Summary. To add these additional sites, the viable anchialine pools and coatal seabird nesting sites were buffered by 100meters and converted to a 100m resolution grid to match the scale of the Hawaii Biodiversity Summary raster product which is a 100m resolution grid. Theses additional areas were then added the top 4 categories from the Hawaii Biodiversity Summary to map Recognized Biodiversity Areas for this effort.



Copyright Text: Center for Resilient Conservation Science, The Nature Conservancy.

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